counter insurgency and counter terrorism

[7] United States Department of Defense (2014) Joint Publication 3-26: Counterterrorism, U.S. Government Printing Office, p. I-5. Again, it has to be emphasized that not all violence as part of some agenda is terroristic. The US has a disastrous record of involvement in ‘counter-insurgency’ efforts in Central America. Also, unlike the spreading of Communism that was fueled by terrorist acts committed by insurgents in countries throughout Latin America, Asia and Africa, not to mention the Red Brigades in Japan and Germany, had focused on taking political power. The United States Department of Defence (DoD) in 2014 defined terrorism as ‘the unlawful use of violence or threat of violence, often motivated by religious, political, or other ideological beliefs, to instil fear and coerce governments or societies in pursuit of goals that are usually political’[3]. The Philippines: Counter-insurgency vs. Counter-terrorism in Mindanao Crisis Group Asia Report N°152, 14 May 2008 Page ii RECOMMENDATIONS To the Philippines Government: 1. As Insurgency and terrorism remain major threats to national security and … Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism in Africa: Fighting Insurgency from Al Shabaab, Ansar Dine and Boko Haram New Security Challenges: Amazon.de: Solomon, H.: Fremdsprachige Bücher Part of the problem, is that the terrorists depict themselves as revolutionaries, when in fact they are only terrorists. These activities must be co-ordinated in doctrine and plans to achieve specific objectives. Distinguishing between terrorism and insurgency presents significant challenges that policy-makers and military officials need to face. And, in understanding the differences constructing and conducting appropriate responses. Global Research, March 13, 2017. The best definition for terrorism I’ve been able to find is the one by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI): Terrorism is the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a Government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives. [1] Younyoo K., Stephen B. Unlike the majority of terrorist organisations, insurgent groups consider it paramount to gain legitimacy from the greater population by championing deeper issues and grievances within society. But it was the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks that made counterterrorism a pillar of domestic and foreign policy in the U.S. and beyond. Contemporary terrorist studies knowledge, particularly within an international relations context, touts the idea that states are justified and understandably employ brute force as a sole factor in counter insurgency efforts and thus lack a nuanced, intersectional perspective on the “nature, causes and responses to terrorism” (Jackson, 2007: 245). Choosing the Right Strategy: (Counter)Insurgency and (Counter)Terrorism as Competing Paradigms, The Influence and Stability of the United Kingdom: The National Security Ramifications of a No Deal Brexit, UK Access to EU Databases: The National Security Ramifications of a No Deal Brexit. The United States Armed Forces use the term foreign internal defense for programs that support other countries in attempts to suppress insurgency, lawlessness, or subversion or to reduce the conditions under which these threats to security may develop. On one level they’re right. In 2003, the Department of Defense approved the USSOCOM counter-terrorism campaign plan, which includes both direct and indirect actions to achieve the strategic objective of defeating radical Islamic organizations. The Vietcong’s uprising in South Vietnam against the central government in Saigon (1954-1976) and the Taliban’s attempts to overthrow the Afghan Government and obtain its power throughout the last 18 years are famous examples of protracted insurgencies. Gravity. Conversely, CT strategies adopted in insurgency scenarios alienate the population, creating the perfect breeding ground for radicalisation and political violence, indirectly strengthening the insurgency. The difference between counter-terrorism and counter-insurgency is simple: counter-terrorism focuses more narrowly on combating the tactics and strategy of terrorism and those who employ it, while counter-insurgency is a broader category of responses to political violence carried out by minority groups, both terroristic and otherwise. In-depth Report: PAKISTAN. Terrorist organisations cannot be disrupted through counter-insurgency techniques and insurgencies are extremely resilient to counter-terrorism strategies. In other words, insurgencies are long-term conflicts that the insurgent party wages with the intention of overthrowing the government to take its place. 4, p. 224-238. Even after having fought terrorism and insurgencies for more than 150 years, the military and the Capitol still have problems defining the difference between counter-terrorism (CoTer) and counter-insurgency (CoIn). Therefore, they must not be confronted with one-size-fits-all approaches[1]. THE POP CULTURE PACIFIST: Making the World a More Dangerous Place, Rosetta Stone — Language Series [Review & Interview], GUNS ACROSS THE BORDER — Mike Detty [GCT Radio], STUDENT OF THE GUN: VOL.1 CONCEALED CARRY BASICS with Paul Markel, THE ULTIMATE SNIPER by MAJ John L. Plaster USAR (ret.) STUDY. [9] Kilcullen, D (2009) The Accidental Guerrilla: Fighting Small Wars in the Midst of a Big One: Oxford University Press, p. 32. The definition of terrorism is much more convoluted as terrorism has been used by every insurgency throughout history to topple a government by coercing the ruling government to increase controls of its citizenry, thus creating increased popular disaffection, in an ever-increasing cycle that leads to major uprising by the majority against the ruling government. Counter-terrorism and Counter-insurgency. As previously mentioned, adapting the wrong strategies in such contexts not only inhibits the government’s success, but may also spawn backlashes, inadvertently strengthen the insurgents’ grip over local communities, and protract the conflict. Once these COIN techniques were proven successful in isolating the insurgents, U.S. forces launched the second phase of the “Surge”. Firstly, the massive deployment of U.S. and Iraqi soldiers provided security and support to the local communities. Because insurgents rely on their links with the local population for securing their survival and advancing their cause, governments that implement counter-terrorism strategies to engage insurgency movements are unlikely to emerge victorious. The U.S. government has made fighting terrorism a priority since the early 1970s, following the terrorist attacks on the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, Germany, and several airline hijackings. The two are not mutually exclusive because if properly implemented their joint action can turn out to be highly successful in tackling terrorism and insurgency. Consequently, adopting the wrong strategy often strengthens the hostile movement. The separation of the definition is between Al Queda and the Taliban; and the Sunnis and their ilk, and say the Hamas, which is not only a terrorist organization, but a political party. In a time when we’re now required to arrive so many hours before departure, with full-body scans and metal detectors, it seems like a much more innocent and relaxed time in America, and International society, for that matter—cause the ruling government to respond terrorist actions by actions and laws not previously in place. Counter-insurgency requires the use of military, political, economic, psychological and organisational action. of counter insurgency, a concept of operations and the coordination of a plan of action by a government at the strategic level. Before the 1970s, the majority of Western military analysts considered the phenomenon of terrorism mainly as one of the many tactics deployed by insurgency movements, therefore, countermeasures against terrorism were incorporated in COIN strategies. Eliminate terrorists wherever possible, yet try to gain the support of the people. Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), which is mainly comprised of Pashtun militants, carries out bombings against Pakistan’s state apparatus. 4. He explained that irregular warfare included counter-insurgency, counter-terrorism, unconventional warfare, foreign internal defense, sabotage and subversion, as well as stabilization and information operations. Efforts to weaken the al Qa'ida-linked terrorist group al Shabaab in Somalia have had some success, but the U.S. campaign there is in … Moscow’s failure to understand that insurgency, and not terrorism, was the defining character of the two Chechen Wars led to the implementation of counter-terrorism strategies that turned a contained rebellion into a widespread jihadi insurgency. Terrorism and insurgency are two distinct models of violent conflict. Test. Special Operations Forces (SOFs) efficiently combined counter-terrorism and counter-insurgency tactics, engaging insurgents and neutralising their networks without inflicting large numbers of civilian casualties[12]. The DoD defines CT as ‘activities and operations taken to neutralize terrorists, their organizations, and networks in order to render them incapable of using violence to instil fear and coerce governments or societies to achieve their goals’[7]. This is defined by Kilcullen as ‘a competition with the insurgent for the right and ability to win hearts, minds, and acquiescence of the population’[11]. Fighting a political party that has terrorism wing is a lot easier than fighting a global jihad that has not intention of taking anything, only creating wave of hysteria and fear, often using tactics contrary to the very religion they espouse. [4] Boyle, M. (2010) “Do Counterterrorism and Counterinsurgency Go Together?,” International Affairs, Vol. Third, the book sheds light on the counter-terrorism and counter-insurgency (CT-COIN) structures and mechanisms established by specific African states to contain, degrade, and eliminate terrorism, insurgency, and organised violence on the continent, particularly the successes, constraints, and challenges of the emerging CT-COIN mechanisms. Unlike the American and French Revolutionary (both insurgents were occupied with home rule), yet very much like the Bolshevik Revolutionary, which saw Russia as only a first step, this terrorist is focused on the whole populace with an objective of turning the world into an Islamic state…much like the past militant Leninist and Stalinist following Marxist rhetoric. They’re trying to say that by using past techniques they are the same. Terrorism and Counterinsurgency Burke Chair reports on Terrorism and Counterinsurgency provide up-to-date analyses on the global threat posed by militants, non-state actors, and terrorist groups, and the mix of asymmetric warfare and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. Hence, CT emerged as a strategy specifically designed to isolate and disrupt terrorist organisations that, deprived of the population’s support, could be promptly detected and neutralised. Panel 2 (October 16): Counterinsurgency and Counter-terrorism Counterinsurgency and counterterrorism are two of the most high-profile areas for capacity-building, particularly in the wake of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. It concludes that, while al Shabaab was weakened between 2011 and 2016, it could resurge if urgent steps are not taken to address key challenges. 11, p. 918. Engagement Options in Sub‐Saharan Africa, funded and coordinated by the Strategic Multilayer Assessment Office (SMA) of the Department of Defense. Match. On one level they’re right. linked terrorist group al Shabaab in Somalia, examines what steps have been most successful against the group, and identifies potential recom - mendations. For the U.S. military, two such related concepts probably lead to more confusion than others. [6] Kilcullen, D. (2010) Counterinsurgency: Oxford University Press, p. 186. [Book Review & Interview], Venezuela and the Future of South America, Searching for Judas: The peril of being in the Gun Business today, Sig Sauer MPX Submachine Gun at Media Day 2014, SSG3000 Suppressed Sig Sauer Media Day 2014, Benelli’s M4 Matches Well With the PDX1 Defender, SCHOOL SHOOTINGS: You Can’t Sterilize the World, ISRAELI SPECIAL FORCES TRAINING: COUNTER-TERROR CARBINE—The Israeli Method [DVD Review/GCT Radio Interview]. It is thus not rare for governments to implement countermeasures that, without causing significant damages to the insurgents, generate civilian casualties, alienate local communities, and indirectly legitimise the insurgents in the eyes of the population. Get The New FREE GCT Magazine Newsletter and LEARN THEM ALL! In Pakistan, there are three distinct categories of militants: the Afghan-centric Pashtun militants; the Kashmir-centric Punjabi militants; and the transnational terrorists, like al-Qaeda. 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